{"id":1909,"date":"2021-03-29T03:13:17","date_gmt":"2021-03-29T03:13:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fclatbz2dc.wpdns.site\/?p=1909"},"modified":"2024-01-22T01:34:11","modified_gmt":"2024-01-22T01:34:11","slug":"principle-of-laser-processing-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/principle-of-laser-processing-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Princip technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span>Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed: <\/span>30<\/span> minut<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Laser je zkratka z anglick\u00e9ho Light amplification bystimuled emise z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201ezes\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u011btla stimulovanou emis\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed\u201c. Jako v\u00fdznamn\u00fd symbol rozvoje v\u011bdy a techniky ve 20. stolet\u00ed a jeden z pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f optoelektronick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed v modern\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti byl rozvoj laserov\u00e9 techniky a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed vysoce cen\u011bn vysp\u011bl\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi. Laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je nejslibn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed laserov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na technologie laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, laserov\u00e9ho \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed se v posledn\u00edch letech rychle rozv\u00edjely a p\u0159inesly obrovsk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Principy, vlastnosti a technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je technologie, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 charakteristiky interakce mezi laserov\u00fdm paprskem a l\u00e1tkou k \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, povrchov\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b, perforaci a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed embl\u00e9m\u016f na materi\u00e1lech (v\u010detn\u011b kov\u016f a nekov\u016f). Jako pokro\u010dil\u00e1 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed technologie se laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, letectv\u00ed, metalurgii, stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch oborech. Hraje st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli p\u0159i zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality produkt\u016f a produktivity pr\u00e1ce, dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed automatizace a bez zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159eby materi\u00e1lu. \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Princip laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je zp\u016fsob zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se jako zdroj tepla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zaost\u0159en\u00fd laserov\u00fd paprsek k bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed obrobku k roztaven\u00ed kovov\u00fdch nebo nekovov\u00fdch obrobk\u016f za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mal\u00fdch otvor\u016f, \u0159ez\u016f, spoj\u016f, opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed atd. Laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je v podstat\u011b proces interakce mezi laserem a nepr\u016fhledn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem. V mikroskopick\u00e9m pohledu je to kvantov\u00fd proces a v makroskopick\u00e9m pohledu se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, absorbuje, zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1, tav\u00ed, odpa\u0159uje a dal\u0161\u00ed jevy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed laserov\u00fdmi paprsky o r\u016fzn\u00e9 hustot\u011b v\u00fdkonu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k r\u016fzn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m povrchu materi\u00e1lu. Tyto zm\u011bny zahrnuj\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst povrchov\u00e9 teploty, t\u00e1n\u00ed, odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, tvorbu mal\u00fdch d\u011br a tvorbu fotoindukovan\u00e9ho plazmatu. Obr\u00e1zek 1.1 ukazuje n\u011bkolik zm\u011bn stavu kovov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu p\u016fsoben\u00edm laserov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed s r\u016fznou hustotou v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"N\u011bkolik
Obr\u00e1zek 1.1. N\u011bkolik fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn na povrchu kovov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f p\u016fsoben\u00edm laserov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e je hustota v\u00fdkonu laseru men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 104 W\/cm2<\/sup>absorpce laserov\u00e9 energie kovem zp\u016fsob\u00ed pouze zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty povrchu materi\u00e1lu, ale pevn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezm\u011bn\u011bna. Lze jej pou\u017e\u00edt pro povrchov\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, kalen\u00ed se zm\u011bnou f\u00e1ze nebo p\u00e1jen\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e je hustota v\u00fdkonu laseru v \u0159\u00e1du 104~106W\/cm2<\/sup>dojde k oh\u0159evu tepeln\u00e9 vodivosti a povrchov\u00e1 vrstva materi\u00e1lu se roztav\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit pro p\u0159etavov\u00e1n\u00ed kovov\u00fdch povrch\u016f, legov\u00e1n\u00ed, pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed a sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed tepelnou vodivost\u00ed (jako je vysokorychlostn\u00ed sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed tenk\u00fdch plech\u016f a p\u0159esn\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e hustota v\u00fdkonu laseru dos\u00e1hne \u0159\u00e1du 106W\/cm2<\/sup>, povrch materi\u00e1lu je oz\u00e1\u0159en laserov\u00fdm paprskem a teplota oh\u0159evu laserov\u00e9ho zdroje tepla dos\u00e1hne bodu varu kovu, tvo\u0159\u00ed se plazmov\u00e1 p\u00e1ra a prudce se odpa\u0159uje. P\u016fsoben\u00edm odpa\u0159ovac\u00edho expanzn\u00edho tlaku je povrch kapaliny zapu\u0161t\u011bn sm\u011brem dol\u016f. Hlubok\u00e9 pronik\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch otvor\u016f, sou\u010dasn\u011b se p\u016fsoben\u00edm laserov\u00e9ho paprsku ionizuje kovov\u00e1 p\u00e1ra za vzniku fotoindukovan\u00e9ho plazmatu, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b pro laserov\u00e9 penetra\u010dn\u00ed sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a vrt\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e je hustota v\u00fdkonu laseru v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b 107 W\/cm2<\/sup>se fotoindukovan\u00e9 plazma bude \u0161\u00ed\u0159it proti sm\u011bru dopadu laserov\u00e9ho paprsku a bude tvo\u0159it plazmov\u00fd oblak a fenom\u00e9n st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed laseru plazmatem bude vyu\u017eit pro vrt\u00e1n\u00ed pulzn\u00edm laserem. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je r\u00e1zov\u00e9 kalen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je pou\u017eit\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho paprsku s vysokou hustotou v\u00fdkonu k oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed obrobku, aby se materi\u00e1l roztavil a odpa\u0159il za \u00fa\u010delem proveden\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je perforace, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed (viz obr\u00e1zek 1.2.). Ran\u00e9 kondenza\u010dn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se pro sv\u016fj n\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdkon v\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edvalo pro vrt\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch otvor\u016f a mikrosva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. V 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed se vznikem vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho CO2<\/sub> lasery, yttrium aluminium gran\u00e1t (YAG) lasery s vysokou opakovac\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed a hloubkov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum mechanism\u016f a proces\u016f laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u011blala velk\u00fd pokrok a rozsah pou\u017eit\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. N\u011bkolik kilowatt\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo pou\u017eito pro vysokorychlostn\u00ed \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, hlubok\u00e9 penetra\u010dn\u00ed sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a povrchovou \u00fapravu r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. R\u016fzn\u00e1 specializovan\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed o to, aby se objevila, a v kombinaci s fotoelektrick\u00fdm sledov\u00e1n\u00edm, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm digit\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, robotikou a dal\u0161\u00edmi technologiemi v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161uj\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 automatizace a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed funkce laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0158ezac\u00ed
Obr\u00e1zek 1.2. \u0158ezac\u00ed vzorek<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Laser<\/a> lze interpretovat jako za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje surovou energii, jako je elektrick\u00e1 energie, chemick\u00e1 energie, tepeln\u00e1 energie, sv\u011bteln\u00e1 energie nebo jadern\u00e1 energie, na paprsky elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed o ur\u010dit\u00fdch specifick\u00fdch sv\u011bteln\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch (ultrafialov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, viditeln\u00e9 sv\u011btlo nebo infra\u010derven\u00e9 sv\u011btlo). Konverzn\u00ed forma se snadno prov\u00e1d\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch, kapaln\u00fdch nebo plynn\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch. Kdy\u017e jsou tato m\u00e9dia excitov\u00e1na ve form\u011b atom\u016f nebo molekul, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed laserov\u00e9 paprsky s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejnou f\u00e1z\u00ed a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jedin\u00fdm dlouh\u00fdm paprskem. D\u00edky stejn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi a jedin\u00e9 vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lce je rozd\u00edlov\u00fd \u00fahel velmi mal\u00fd a vzd\u00e1lenost, kterou lze p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et, je pom\u011brn\u011b dlouh\u00e1, ne\u017e je vysoce koncentrovan\u00e1 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed funkc\u00ed, jako je sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 hlavn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, jmenovit\u011b laseru, optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, mechanick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho a detek\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. V\u00fdstup laserov\u00e9ho paprsku o vysok\u00e9 intenzit\u011b z laseru je zaost\u0159en na obrobek p\u0159es \u010do\u010dku a hustota v\u00fdkonu v ohnisku je a\u017e 106~1012 W\/cm2<\/sup> (teplota je a\u017e 10 000 \u2103) a jak\u00fdkoli materi\u00e1l se okam\u017eit\u011b roztav\u00ed a vypa\u0159\u00ed. Laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvat tepeln\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku t\u00e9to sv\u011bteln\u00e9 energie k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, vrt\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f. Lasery b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pevnol\u00e1tkov\u00e9 lasery YAG a CO2<\/sub> lasery, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00fdhody jednoduch\u00e9 struktury, velk\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu a vysok\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti p\u0159em\u011bny energie a mohou b\u00fdt \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vlastnosti laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed laserov\u00fd paprsek na sv\u011bt\u011b byl vyroben pomoc\u00ed bleskov\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1rovky k vybuzen\u00ed zrn rub\u00ednov\u00e9ho krystalu v roce 1960. Kv\u016fli omezen\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 kapacity krystalu m\u016f\u017ee produkovat pouze velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00fd pulzn\u00ed paprsek a frekvence je velmi n\u00edzk\u00e1. I kdy\u017e okam\u017eit\u00e1 \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e1 energie pulzu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e 106 W\/cm2<\/sup>, je to st\u00e1le n\u00edzk\u00fd energetick\u00fd v\u00fddej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed krystalov\u00fdch ty\u010dinek z yttria hlin\u00edkov\u00e9ho gran\u00e1tu (Nd: YAG) s \u010d\u00edslem (Nd) jako excita\u010dn\u00edho prvku m\u016f\u017ee produkovat spojit\u00fd paprsek o jedn\u00e9 vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lce 1~8Kw. YAG laser (vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka je 13,06 pm) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ipojen k laserov\u00e9 zpracovatelsk\u00e9 hlav\u011b p\u0159es flexibiln\u00ed optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno. Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je flexibiln\u00ed a vhodn\u00e9 pro sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed o tlou\u0161\u0165ce 0,5-6 mm. Pomoc\u00ed CO2<\/sub> laser (vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka 13,06 pm) s CO2<\/sub> jako budi\u010d m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdstupn\u00ed energie dosahovat 25kW a lze jej pou\u017e\u00edt pro jednopr\u016fchodov\u00e9 pln\u00e9 pr\u016fvarov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed plech\u016f o tlou\u0161\u0165ce 2 mm. Je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f v pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Sv\u011bteln\u00fd bod je mal\u00fd, energie je koncentrovan\u00e1 a tepeln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00f3na je mal\u00e1; laserov\u00fd paprsek se snadno zaost\u0159uje a vede, co\u017e je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pro automatick\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>
  • Nedot\u00fdk\u00e1 se zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9ho obrobku a nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed obrobku; nepodl\u00e9h\u00e1 elektromagnetick\u00e9mu ru\u0161en\u00ed a jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed je pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed elektronov\u00fdm paprskem.<\/li>
  • Rozsah zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je \u0161irok\u00fd, lze grav\u00edrovat a \u0159ezat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jak\u00fdkoli materi\u00e1l. Vysokorychlostn\u00ed grav\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt podle v\u00fdstupu vzoru z po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a rychlost \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed laserem je mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rychlost \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed dr\u00e1tem.<\/li>
  • Bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9: je pou\u017eito bezkontaktn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nezp\u016fsob\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti materi\u00e1lu. P\u0159esn\u00e9 a pe\u010dliv\u00e9; p\u0159esnost obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout 0,1 mm. Konzistentn\u00ed efekt: zajistit, aby efekt zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00e9 d\u00e1vky obrobk\u016f byl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u00fd.<\/li>
  • \u0158ezn\u00fd \u0161ev je mal\u00fd; \u0159ezn\u00fd \u0161ev laserov\u00e9ho \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed je obecn\u011b 0,1 ~ 0,2 mm a \u0159ezn\u00e1 plocha je hladk\u00e1: \u0159ezn\u00e1 plocha laserov\u00e9ho \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ot\u0159epy. Mal\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed: Laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed je tenk\u00e9, rychl\u00e9 a koncentrovan\u00e9 na energii. Proto je teplo p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 na \u0159ezan\u00fd materi\u00e1l mal\u00e9 a deformace materi\u00e1lu je tak\u00e9 velmi mal\u00e1.<\/li>
  • Je vhodn\u00fd pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. N\u00e1klady na v\u00fdrobu forem u velk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f jsou velmi vysok\u00e9. Laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed nevy\u017eaduje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 formy a laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zcela zabr\u00e1nit kolapsu materi\u00e1lu, kdy\u017e je materi\u00e1l d\u011brov\u00e1n a \u0159ez\u00e1n, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady podniku a zlep\u0161it produkt. Ozuben\u00e1 kola.<\/li>
  • N\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady: Nen\u00ed omezeno po\u010dtem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro slu\u017eby mal\u00e9ho d\u00e1vkov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>
  • \u00daspora materi\u00e1lu: laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 programov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee \u0159ezat v\u00fdrobky r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f, co\u017e maximalizuje m\u00edru vyu\u017eit\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f a v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje n\u00e1klady na materi\u00e1ly.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e1 technologie je komplexn\u00ed technologie zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce obor\u016f, jako je sv\u011btlo, mechanika, elekt\u0159ina, materi\u00e1ly a testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Techniky laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u011b zahrnuj\u00ed \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, povrchovou \u00fapravu, pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed (ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed), r\u00fdhov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed techniky zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Po\u017eadavky r\u016fzn\u00fdch metod zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f na v\u00fdkon laseru a kvalitu paprsku syst\u00e9mu v\u00fdroby laseru jsou zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny na obr\u00e1zku 1.3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch aspekt\u016f aplikace technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Laserov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 povrch obrobku a povrchov\u00e9 teplo je veden\u00edm tepla difundov\u00e1no do vnit\u0159ku. \u0158\u00edzen\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky, energie, hustoty v\u00fdkonu a frekvence opakov\u00e1n\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho pulsu se obrobek roztav\u00ed a vytvo\u0159\u00ed specifickou roztavenou l\u00e1ze\u0148. Pro sv\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159ednosti se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch a mal\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f. Vznik vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho CO2<\/sub> lasery a vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9 vl\u00e1knov\u00e9 lasery otev\u0159ely nov\u00fd obor laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Bylo z\u00edsk\u00e1no sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed hlubok\u00fdm pr\u016fvarem zalo\u017een\u00e9 na efektu d\u00edrek a bylo \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no ve stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed, v\u00fdrob\u011b automobil\u016f, oceli a dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee sva\u0159ovat t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 d\u00edly a prov\u00e1d\u011bt bezkontaktn\u00ed sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed na velkou vzd\u00e1lenost, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 velkou flexibilitu. Laserov\u00e1 technologie YAG vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 technologii p\u0159enosu optick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je technologie laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed. Laserov\u00fd paprsek snadno rozd\u011bl\u00ed paprsek podle \u010dasu a prostoru a dok\u00e1\u017ee zpracovat v\u00edce paprsk\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b, co\u017e poskytuje podm\u00ednky pro p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Lze jej nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edt pro tlust\u00e9 a tenk\u00e9 plechy karoserie automobil\u016f, automobilov\u00e9 d\u00edly, lithiov\u00e9 baterie, kardiostimul\u00e1tory, ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e1 rel\u00e9 atd. R\u016fzn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed deformaci p\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a kontaminaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Po\u017eadavky
    Obr\u00e1zek 1.3 Po\u017eadavky metod zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu na v\u00fdkon laseru a kvalitu paprsku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinek \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed roztaven\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee z\u00edskat \u010dist\u00fd svarov\u00fd kov a je vhodn\u00e1 pro sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi stejn\u00fdmi a odli\u0161n\u00fdmi kovov\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly. Laserov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 vysokou hustotu energie, co\u017e je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f s vysok\u00fdm bodem t\u00e1n\u00ed, vysokou odrazivost\u00ed, vysokou tepelnou vodivost\u00ed a velmi rozd\u00edln\u00fdmi fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlastnostmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou vysok\u00e1 rychlost, velk\u00fd pr\u016fvar, mal\u00e1 deformace a lze jej sva\u0159ovat p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b nebo za speci\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek. Kdy\u017e laser proch\u00e1z\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00fdm polem, paprsek se neposune; laser lze sva\u0159ovat ve vzduchu a ur\u010dit\u00fdch plynn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch a m\u016f\u017ee sva\u0159ovat sklo nebo materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 jsou pro paprsek pr\u016fhledn\u00e9. Po zaost\u0159en\u00ed laseru je hustota v\u00fdkonu vysok\u00e1 a pom\u011br stran b\u011bhem sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout 5:1 a\u017e 10:1 a m\u016f\u017ee sva\u0159ovat \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je titan a k\u0159emen, a m\u016f\u017ee sva\u0159ovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly s dobr\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky. , jako je sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed dvou materi\u00e1l\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, m\u011bdi a tantalu, m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout rychlosti pr\u016fchodu 100%. Lze tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt mikrosva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Po zaost\u0159en\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho paprsku lze z\u00edskat mal\u00fd bod, kter\u00fd lze p\u0159esn\u011b um\u00edstit. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit p\u0159i mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edm sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed mikro a mal\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek hromadn\u00e9 automatizovan\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, jako jsou vodi\u010de integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f, hodinov\u00e9 vl\u00e1senky, mont\u00e1\u017e elektronov\u00fdch pistol\u00ed s obrazovou trubic\u00ed atd., D\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed je efektivita v\u00fdroby vysok\u00e1, tepeln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00f3na je mal\u00e1 a p\u00e1jen\u00e9 spoje jsou bez zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161uje kvalitu sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed laserem<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    \u0158ez\u00e1n\u00ed laserem je dosa\u017eeno aplikac\u00ed energie s vysokou hustotou v\u00fdkonu generovan\u00e9 laserov\u00fdm zaost\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm. Pod \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010de se laser vyb\u00edj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm puls\u016f a na v\u00fdstupu je \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed pulsn\u00ed laser, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed laserov\u00fd paprsek s ur\u010ditou frekvenc\u00ed a ur\u010ditou \u0161\u00ed\u0159kou pulsu. Pulzn\u00ed laserov\u00fd paprsek je p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en optickou dr\u00e1hou, odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se a zaost\u0159uje na povrch zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9ho objektu p\u0159es skupinu zaost\u0159ovac\u00edch \u010do\u010dek, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed mal\u00fd bod s vysokou energetickou hustotou, ohnisko je um\u00edst\u011bno bl\u00edzko povrchu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt zpracov\u00e1n, a zpracov\u00e1van\u00fd materi\u00e1l se tav\u00ed nebo odpa\u0159uje p\u0159i okam\u017eit\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vysokoenergetick\u00fd laserov\u00fd puls dok\u00e1\u017ee b\u011bhem okam\u017eiku vytrysknout na povrch p\u0159edm\u011btu malou d\u00edrku. Laserov\u00e1 obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed hlava a zpracov\u00e1van\u00fd materi\u00e1l vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed pod \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010de souvisl\u00fd relativn\u00ed pohyb podle p\u0159edkreslen\u00e9 grafiky tak, aby byl p\u0159edm\u011bt zpracov\u00e1n do po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho tvaru. P\u0159i \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed je proud vzduchu koaxi\u00e1ln\u00ed s paprskem vyst\u0159ikov\u00e1n z \u0159ezac\u00ed hlavy a roztaven\u00fd nebo odpa\u0159en\u00fd materi\u00e1l je odfukov\u00e1n ze spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u0159ezu. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi metodami zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed desek m\u00e1 \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed laserem v\u00fdhody dobr\u00e9 kvality \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed (\u00fazk\u00e1 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka \u0159ezu, mal\u00e1 tepeln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00f3na, hladk\u00fd \u0159ez), vysok\u00e1 rychlost \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, vysok\u00e1 flexibilita (lze \u0159ezat jak\u00fdkoli tvar) a \u0161irok\u00fd sortiment materi\u00e1lu p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed laserem je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kovov\u00fdch a nekovov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkr\u00e1tit dobu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a zlep\u0161it kvalitu obrobku. Modern\u00ed technologie \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed laserem se stala me\u010dem \u201e\u0159ezn\u00fdm \u017eelezem jako bl\u00e1to\u201c, kter\u00fd lid\u00e9 v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sleduj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    P\u0159evzet\u00ed CO2<\/sub> laserov\u00fd \u0159ezac\u00ed stroj jako p\u0159\u00edklad, cel\u00e9 \u0159ezac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, pohybov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, syst\u00e9mu vodn\u00edho chlazen\u00ed, syst\u00e9mu ochrany vzduchu atd., pomoc\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho re\u017eimu CNC pro dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u00edceos\u00e9ho propojen\u00ed a \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed laserovou energi\u00ed bez ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed; Servomotor s vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdkonem a vod\u00edc\u00ed strukturou p\u0159evodovky mohou dos\u00e1hnout dobr\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti pohybu p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 rychlosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edt v automobilov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b, po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, elektromechanice, kovov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stech a speci\u00e1ln\u00edch materi\u00e1lech, kotou\u010dov\u00fdch pilov\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u00edch, pru\u017en\u00fdch podlo\u017ek\u00e1ch, m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch pro elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky, plechov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch, ocelov\u00fdch trubk\u00e1ch, bakelitu, plechech z hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny, k\u0159emenn\u00e9m skle, k\u0159em\u00edku Pry\u017e, keramick\u00fd plech z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, slitina titanu atd. Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 lasery jsou lasery YAG a CO2<\/sub> lasery. Pulzn\u00ed lasery jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro kovov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed lasery jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro nekovov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. Posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00fd je d\u016fle\u017eitou aplika\u010dn\u00ed oblast\u00ed technologie laserov\u00e9ho \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed ozna\u010duje sou\u010dasn\u00e9 taven\u00ed pl\u00e1tovac\u00edho materi\u00e1lu a povrchov\u00e9 vrstvy substr\u00e1tu oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm laserov\u00fdm paprskem na povrch pl\u00e1tovan\u00e9ho substr\u00e1tu r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby a rychl\u00e9 tuhnut\u00ed za vzniku taven\u00ed s extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdm \u0159ed\u011bn\u00edm a metalurgickou vazbou s substr\u00e1t. Povlak, procesn\u00ed metoda ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, odolnosti proti korozi, tepeln\u00e9 odolnosti, odolnosti proti oxidaci a elektrick\u00fdch charakteristik povrchu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vrstvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S vyu\u017eit\u00edm vysok\u00e9 hustoty v\u00fdkonu laserov\u00e9ho paprsku, p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed samotavn\u00e9ho slitinov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku specifick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed (jako jsou slitiny na b\u00e1zi niklu, kobaltu a \u017eeleza atd.) vytvo\u0159\u00ed na povrchu velmi tenkou kryc\u00ed vrstvu. substr\u00e1t, aby byly stejnom\u011brn\u00e9 v roztaven\u00e9m stavu Rozprost\u0159ete se na povrch sou\u010d\u00e1sti a dos\u00e1hn\u011bte p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e9 tlou\u0161\u0165ky a vytvo\u0159te dobrou metalurgickou vazbu s mikrotavnou matric\u00ed a existuje pouze mal\u00fd stupe\u0148 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho z\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m rychl\u00e9m procesu tuhnut\u00ed je povrch d\u00edlu zcela odli\u0161n\u00fd od podkladu. Funk\u010dn\u00ed vrstva obkladov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlastnostmi. Laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zcela zm\u011bnit povrchov\u00e9 vlastnosti materi\u00e1l\u016f a zajistit, aby povrch levn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f z\u00edskal extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysokou odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, odolnost proti korozi, odolnost proti vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a dal\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout \u00fa\u010delu \u00fapravy povrchu, opravy nebo repasov\u00e1n\u00ed. Dok\u00e1\u017ee opravit d\u00edry a praskliny na povrchu materi\u00e1lu, obnovit geometrickou velikost a v\u00fdkon opot\u0159ebovan\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f, splnit po\u017eadavky na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdkon povrchu materi\u00e1lu a u\u0161et\u0159it spoustu drah\u00fdch kov\u016f. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm na povrch, st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00edm, galvanick\u00fdm pokovov\u00e1n\u00edm a napa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm m\u00e1 laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastnosti n\u00edzk\u00e9 rychlosti \u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed, hustou strukturu a dobrou kombinaci pl\u00e1tovac\u00ed vrstvy a substr\u00e1tu. Je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v leteck\u00e9m, formovac\u00edm a elektromechanick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou lasery pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v laserov\u00e9m pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u011b vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9 YAG lasery a CO2<\/sub> lasery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00fd paprsek s vysokou hustotou v\u00fdkonu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k oh\u0159evu povrchu kovov\u00e9ho obrobku, aby se dos\u00e1hlo \u00fapravy povrchu (to znamen\u00e1 zlep\u0161en\u00ed tvrdosti povrchu, odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a odolnosti obrobku proti korozi) tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Laserov\u00fd paprsek lze lok\u00e1ln\u011b selektivn\u011b kalit podle po\u017eadavk\u016f a nap\u011bt\u00ed a deformace obrobku jsou mal\u00e9. Tato technologie je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, jako je laserov\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vlo\u017eek v\u00e1lc\u016f, klikov\u00fdch h\u0159\u00eddel\u00ed, p\u00edstn\u00edch krou\u017ek\u016f, komut\u00e1tor\u016f, ozuben\u00fdch kol a dal\u0161\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f, a je tak\u00e9 \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v leteck\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, pr\u016fmyslu obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edch stroj\u016f a stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed. Aplikace laserov\u00e9ho tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u00e9 zemi je mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. V sou\u010dasnosti se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hlavn\u011b lasery YAG a CO2<\/sub> lasery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00fdm tepeln\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm lze dos\u00e1hnout f\u00e1zov\u00e9 transformace kalen\u00ed (nebo kalen\u00ed povrchu, amorfizace povrchu, kalen\u00ed s remitentn\u00edm povrchem), legov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fapravy povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy na kovov\u00e9m povrchu, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek vlastnosti slo\u017een\u00ed a struktury povrchu, kter\u00fdch nelze dos\u00e1hnout kalen\u00edm na velk\u00e9m povrchu. Laserov\u00e9 transforma\u010dn\u00ed kalen\u00ed je nejstar\u0161\u00ed, nejv\u00edce studovan\u00fd a nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proces v laserov\u00e9m tepeln\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Je vhodn\u00fd pro v\u011bt\u0161inu materi\u00e1l\u016f a r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti d\u00edl\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi tvary a m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a \u00fanavovou pevnost d\u00edl\u016f. Po laserov\u00e9m tepeln\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee povrchov\u00e1 tvrdost litiny dos\u00e1hnout v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 HRC a povrchov\u00e1 tvrdost st\u0159edn\u011b uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 oceli a vysoce uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 oceli m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 HRC, co\u017e zlep\u0161uje odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, odolnost proti korozi a oxidaci materi\u00e1lu. a prodlu\u017euje \u017eivotnost obrobku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed je proces zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed polovodi\u010d\u016f a efekt je mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed za tepla. Po laserov\u00e9m \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edra v\u00fdm\u011bny ne\u010distot dos\u00e1hnout 98%~99%, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit m\u011brn\u00fd odpor polysilikonu o 40%~50%, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161it integraci integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f a sn\u00ed\u017eit vzd\u00e1lenost mezi prvky obvodu na 0,5\u03bcm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie rychl\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho prototypov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie rychl\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho prototypov\u00e1n\u00ed je tvo\u0159ena kombinac\u00ed technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed s technologi\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho numerick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a flexibiln\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed technologi\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v\u011bt\u0161inou ve v\u00fdrob\u011b forem a model\u016f. V sou\u010dasnosti se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hlavn\u011b lasery YAG, CO2<\/sub> lasery a vl\u00e1knov\u00e9 lasery. Technologie rychl\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho prototypov\u00e1n\u00ed integruje nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy laserov\u00e9 technologie, technologie CAD\/CAM, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed technologie a technologie materi\u00e1l\u016f. Podle CAD modelu d\u00edlu je fotocitliv\u00fd polymern\u00ed materi\u00e1l vytvrzen vrstvou po vrstv\u011b laserov\u00fdm paprskem a vzorek je p\u0159esn\u011b naskl\u00e1d\u00e1n do vzorku bez forem a N\u00e1stroj m\u016f\u017ee rychle a p\u0159esn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bt d\u00edly se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi tvary. Tato technologie je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v letectv\u00ed, elektronice, dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edc\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch oborech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho vrt\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho vrt\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u00fdhody vysok\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti, siln\u00e9 v\u0161estrannosti, vysok\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti, n\u00edzk\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f a v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch komplexn\u00edch technick\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch v\u00fdhod. Stala se jednou z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed v modern\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed oblasti. P\u0159ed vznikem laser\u016f lze pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze materi\u00e1ly s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tvrdost\u00ed. Je extr\u00e9mn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vrtat otvory do materi\u00e1lu s men\u0161\u00ed tvrdost\u00ed, tak\u017ee je extr\u00e9mn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vrtat otvory do diamantu s vysokou tvrdost\u00ed. Po n\u00e1stupu laseru je tento typ operace rychl\u00fd a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, ale otvor vyvrtan\u00fd laserem je m\u00edsto v\u00e1lcov\u00e9ho tvaru mechanick\u00e9ho vrt\u00e1n\u00ed ku\u017eelov\u00fd, co\u017e je m\u00edsty nepohodln\u00e9 (viz obr\u00e1zek 1.4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Technologie
    Obr\u00e1zek 1.4 Technologie laserov\u00e9ho vrt\u00e1n\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 vrt\u00e1n\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b v leteck\u00e9m, automobilov\u00e9m, elektronick\u00e9m, chemick\u00e9m a jin\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Rychl\u00fd rozvoj laserov\u00e9ho vrt\u00e1n\u00ed se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed hlavn\u011b ve v\u00fdstupn\u00edm v\u00fdkonu YAG laseru pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pro vrt\u00e1n\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161il ze 400 W na 800 W nebo dokonce 1 000 W a \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon vrt\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e 30 ~ 50 kW, \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka pulsu pou\u017eit\u00e1 pro d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed je se zu\u017euje, opakovac\u00ed frekvence je st\u00e1le vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, zlep\u0161uj\u00ed se v\u00fdstupn\u00ed parametry laseru, zlep\u0161uje se kvalita d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, zvy\u0161uje se rychlost d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed a tak\u00e9 se roz\u0161i\u0159uje rozsah pou\u017eit\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed. Relativn\u011b vysp\u011bl\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho vrt\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010c\u00edn\u011b je ve v\u00fdrob\u011b syntetick\u00fdch diamant\u016f a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch diamantov\u00fdch r\u00fdhovac\u00edch forem, stejn\u011b jako v pr\u016fmyslu hodin, p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, lopatek letadel a desek plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. V sou\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 lasery jsou CO2<\/sub>. Hlavn\u00ed jsou lasery a YAG lasery, d\u00e1le se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed excimerov\u00e9 lasery, izotopov\u00e9 lasery a lasery s polovodi\u010dov\u00fdmi pumpami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho zna\u010den\u00ed<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 zna\u010den\u00ed je metoda zna\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 laserov\u00fd paprsek s vysokou energetickou hustotou k m\u00edstn\u00edmu oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed obrobku, aby se odpa\u0159il nebo zm\u011bnil barvu povrchov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zanech\u00e1 trvalou stopu. Laserov\u00e9 zna\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et r\u016fzn\u00e9 znaky, symboly a vzory atd. a velikost znak\u016f se m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat od milimetr\u016f do mikrometr\u016f, co\u017e m\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro ochranu v\u00fdrobk\u016f proti pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Po zaost\u0159en\u00ed je extr\u00e9mn\u011b tenk\u00fd laserov\u00fd paprsek jako n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee bod po bodu odstra\u0148ovat povrchov\u00fd materi\u00e1l objektu. Pokro\u010dil\u00e1 povaha technologie laserov\u00e9ho zna\u010den\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee proces zna\u010den\u00ed je bezkontaktn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a nepo\u0161kozuje zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9 polo\u017eky. Velikost zaost\u0159en\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho paprsku je mal\u00e1, tepeln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00f3na je mal\u00e1 a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je v po\u0159\u00e1dku, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee dokon\u010dit proces, kter\u00e9ho nelze dos\u00e1hnout b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi metodami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201eN\u00e1stroj\u201c pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd p\u0159i laserov\u00e9m zna\u010den\u00ed je zaost\u0159en\u00fd paprsek, nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed vybaven\u00ed a materi\u00e1ly. Dokud m\u016f\u017ee laser pracovat norm\u00e1ln\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n po dlouhou dobu. Laserov\u00e9 zna\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1 vysokou rychlost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00edzkou cenu. Je automaticky \u0159\u00edzen po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem a p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b nevy\u017eaduje z\u00e1sah \u010dlov\u011bka. Excimerov\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 zna\u010den\u00ed je nov\u00e1 technologie vyvinut\u00e1 v posledn\u00edch letech. Je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vhodn\u00fd pro zna\u010den\u00ed kov\u016f a m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout submikronov\u00e9ho zna\u010den\u00ed. Je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v mikroelektronick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a bioin\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Jak\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee laser ozna\u010dit, souvis\u00ed s obsahem n\u00e1vrhu po\u010d\u00edta\u010de? Pokud syst\u00e9m zna\u010den\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl navr\u017een\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem dok\u00e1\u017ee identifikovat, m\u016f\u017ee ozna\u010dovac\u00ed stroj p\u0159esn\u011b obnovit informace o designu na vhodn\u00e9m nosi\u010di. Funkce laserov\u00e9ho zna\u010dkovac\u00edho softwaru tedy vlastn\u011b do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ur\u010duje funkci laserov\u00e9ho zna\u010dkovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Tato technologie byla aplikov\u00e1na v r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch. Mezi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 lasery pat\u0159\u00ed lasery YAG, CO2<\/sub> lasery a lasery s polovodi\u010dov\u00fdmi \u010derpadly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 zpevn\u011bn\u00ed a legov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 zpevn\u011bn\u00ed povrchu je pou\u017eit\u00ed zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed laserov\u00fdm paprskem s vysokou hustotou v\u00fdkonu, aby se tenk\u00e1 vrstva povrchu obrobku spojila a zm\u011bnila se f\u00e1ze, a pak samobuzen\u00ed a rychl\u00e9 ochlazen\u00ed za vzniku mikrokrystalick\u00e9 nebo amorfn\u00ed struktury. Laserov\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 legov\u00e1n\u00ed je pou\u017eit\u00ed laseru k zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed kovu, slitiny nebo slou\u010deniny pota\u017een\u00e9 na povrchu obrobku a rychl\u00e9ho roztaven\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kovem, aby se vytvo\u0159ila nov\u00e1 slitinov\u00e1 vrstva nebo vrstva slou\u010deniny na povrchu obrobku, aby se dos\u00e1hlo \u00fa\u010del povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy materi\u00e1lu. M\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt laserov\u00fd paprsek k zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho kovu a proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho plynu k vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed chemick\u00fdch metalurgick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed (jako je povrchov\u00e9 napa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed) k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tenk\u00e9ho filmu s po\u017eadovanou f\u00e1zovou strukturou na kovov\u00e9m povrchu, aby se zm\u011bnily povrchov\u00e9 vlastnosti obrobku. . Laserov\u00e9 zpevn\u011bn\u00ed a legov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro d\u00edly, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed zlep\u0161it odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, odolnost proti korozi, odolnost proti vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a dal\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti v letectv\u00ed, zbrojn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu, jadern\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a v\u00fdrob\u011b automobil\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    jin\u00fd<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje vysp\u011bl\u00e1 technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 technologii laserov\u00e9ho lept\u00e1n\u00ed, technologii laserov\u00e9ho jemn\u00e9ho lad\u011bn\u00ed, technologii laserov\u00e9ho ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, technologii laserov\u00e9ho r\u00fdhov\u00e1n\u00ed, technologii laserov\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, technologii laserov\u00e9ho galvanick\u00e9ho pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed, technologii laserov\u00e9ho zasklen\u00ed atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie fotolept\u00e1n\u00ed je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed technologie chemick\u00e9ho lept\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a dok\u00e1\u017ee zpracovat 0,125~1\u03bcm \u0161irokou linku, je vhodn\u00e1 pro v\u00fdrobu velmi rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie jemn\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho lad\u011bn\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee automaticky doladit specifikovan\u00fd odpor s p\u0159esnost\u00ed 0,01%~0,002%, co\u017e je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost, \u00fa\u010dinnost a n\u00e1klady ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed metody zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Laserov\u00e9 jemn\u00e9 lad\u011bn\u00ed zahrnuje tenkovrstv\u00e9 rezistory (tlou\u0161\u0165ka 0,01~0,64 m) a tlustovrstv\u00e9 jemn\u00e9 lad\u011bn\u00ed odporu (tlou\u0161\u0165ka 20-50 \u03bcm), jemn\u00e9 lad\u011bn\u00ed kapacity a jemn\u00e9 lad\u011bn\u00ed hybridn\u00edch integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 lasery k z\u00e1znamu videa, zvuku, textov\u00fdch dat a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch informac\u00ed, co\u017e je jedna z podp\u016frn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed v informa\u010dn\u00edm v\u011bku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho r\u00fdhov\u00e1n\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dovou technologi\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobu integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f. M\u00e1 jemn\u00e9 r\u00fdhov\u00e1n\u00ed, vysokou p\u0159esnost (\u0161\u00ed\u0159ka \u010d\u00e1ry 15\u201325 \u03bcm, hloubka v\u00fdsadby 5\u2013200 \u03bcm), vysokou rychlost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed (a\u017e 200 mm\/s) a v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost a\u017e 99,51 TP1T nebo v\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pou\u017eit\u00ed technologie laserov\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1van\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sticemi a zlep\u0161it v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost p\u0159esn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie galvanick\u00e9ho pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed laseru m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it rychlost nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed kov\u016f a rychlost je 1000kr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rychlost bez laserov\u00e9ho oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u00e1 velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro v\u00fdrobu a opravy mikrosp\u00edna\u010d\u016f, p\u0159esn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f, mikroelektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f. Vylep\u0161en\u00e1 technologie m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it pevnost galvanizovan\u00e9 vrstvy 100-1000kr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho zasklen\u00ed m\u00e1 slibnou budoucnost pro \u00fapravu materi\u00e1l\u016f. Jeho n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena, snadn\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Laserov\u00e9 glazov\u00e1n\u00ed kombinovan\u00e9 s n\u00e1st\u0159ikem plamenem, plazmov\u00fdm n\u00e1st\u0159ikem, iontovou depozic\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi technologiemi m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed organizace a zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed povrchu a odolnosti proti korozi. Elektronick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, elektromagnetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a dal\u0161\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se ide\u00e1ln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch po laserov\u00e9m zasklen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav a trend v\u00fdvoje technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Po v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 letech v\u00fdvoje v m\u00e9 zemi dos\u00e1hla laserov\u00e1 technologie v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a technologick\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f vysok\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b. Mnoh\u00e9 byly pou\u017eity ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch postupech. V\u00fdkon za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se zvy\u0161oval pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm ro\u010dn\u00edm tempem 20%, co\u017e vy\u0159e\u0161ilo technologickou transformaci tradi\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality v\u00fdrobk\u016f. mnoho ot\u00e1zek. Nap\u0159\u00edklad technologie chemick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken z laserov\u00e9 vlny se prosazuje ve velk\u00fdch ocel\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, jako je Baosteel a Benxi Iron and Steel, co\u017e zm\u011bn\u00ed stav z\u00e1vislosti m\u00e9 zem\u011b na dovozu ocelov\u00fdch plech\u016f pro automatick\u00e9 potahy; kvalita, funkce a cena laserov\u00fdch zna\u010dkovac\u00edch stroj\u016f a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro laserov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed spl\u0148uj\u00ed pot\u0159eby dom\u00e1c\u00edho trhu a pod\u00edl na trhu M\u00edra p\u0159esahuje 80%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm projektem v zahrani\u010dn\u00edch laserov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch a je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem transformace tradi\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed. Je to hlavn\u011b 1~10KW CO2<\/sub> lasery, 100W a\u017e kilowattov\u00e9 YAG lasery a vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9 vl\u00e1knov\u00e9 lasery pro realizaci \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy atd. Podle p\u0159ehledu a progn\u00f3zy trhu s lasery v posledn\u00edch letech je aplikace laser\u016f zauj\u00edm\u00e1 prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto v oblasti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 lasery jsou druhou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed aplika\u010dn\u00ed oblast\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V oblasti aplikac\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, CO2<\/sub> lasery jsou nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed 70% a 20%, a povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10%. Pou\u017eit\u00ed YAG laser\u016f je sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, zna\u010den\u00ed (50%) a \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed (15%). Hlavn\u011b. Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a Evrop\u011b, CO2<\/sub> lasery p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed 70% a\u017e 80%. V laserov\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u00e9 zemi se \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b pro 10%, z toho v\u00edce ne\u017e 98% CO2 <\/sub>v\u00fdkon laseru je v rozmez\u00ed 1,5~3KW; asi 15% z toho jsou hlavn\u011b povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy, v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich jsou laserov\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy vlo\u017eek v\u00e1lc\u016f automobilov\u00fdch motor\u016f. Ekonomick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou velmi vysok\u00e9 a existuje velk\u00e1 perspektiva trhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu poskytuje technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed plnou hru sv\u00fdm pokro\u010dil\u00fdm, rychl\u00fdm a flexibiln\u00edm zpracovatelsk\u00fdm vlastnostem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v automobilov\u00fdch prototypech a malos\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed trojrozm\u011brn\u00fdch laserov\u00fdch \u0159ezac\u00edch stroj\u016f, co\u017e nejen \u0161et\u0159\u00ed prototypy a n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkracuje v\u00fdrobn\u00ed cyklus; laserov\u00fd paprsek vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed mal\u00e9 otvory ve vysoce tvrd\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a slo\u017eit\u00fdch a zak\u0159iven\u00fdch povr\u0161\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou rychl\u00e9 a nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k po\u0161kozen\u00ed; laserov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed se stalo standardn\u00edm procesem v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan pou\u017eila laserovou technologii pro sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed panel\u016f karoserie, sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kovov\u00fdch pl\u00e1t\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch tlou\u0161t\u011bk a r\u016fzn\u00fdch povrchov\u00fdch \u00faprav dohromady a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 lisov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    P\u0159esto\u017ee laserov\u00e1 povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava nen\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed tak b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 jako sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, st\u00e1le se hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, jako je povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava vlo\u017eek v\u00e1lc\u016f, klikov\u00fdch h\u0159\u00eddel\u00ed, p\u00edstn\u00edch krou\u017ek\u016f, komut\u00e1tor\u016f, ozuben\u00fdch kol a dal\u0161\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f. V pr\u016fmyslov\u011b vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00edch je technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kombinov\u00e1na s technologi\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho numerick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a flexibiln\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed technologi\u00ed k odvozen\u00ed technologie laserov\u00e9ho rychl\u00e9ho prototypov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato technologie dok\u00e1\u017ee nejen rychle vyr\u00e1b\u011bt modely, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo tavit kovov\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161ky a 3D tisk vyr\u00e1b\u011bt kovov\u00e9 formy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Obr\u00e1zek 1.5 ukazuje proces pou\u017eit\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed k nahrazen\u00ed odporov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v sestav\u011b karoserie, tak\u017ee design vozu m\u016f\u017ee svobodn\u011b uplatnit svou p\u0159edstavivost a kreativitu p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho stylu vozu. Technologie laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost ne\u017e odporov\u00e9 bodov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon spoje, men\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebu materi\u00e1lu a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vzhledem k v\u00fdhod\u00e1m technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ijali v\u0161ichni evrop\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f technologii laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed bez v\u00fdjimky ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bmeck\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Volkswagen kdysi objednala 4kw vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 YAG lasery pro 260 sad, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hlavn\u011b pro sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed karoseri\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f. Na v\u00fdrobn\u00ed lince spole\u010dnosti Bosch v N\u011bmecku bylo instalov\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 400 sad r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed automobilov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f. \u0160\u00ed\u0159e a hloubka aplikace technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v automobilov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b se stala d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm symbolem pokroku v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V oblasti letectv\u00ed a kosmonautiky se p\u0159ed 70. l\u00e9ty, proto\u017ee neexistoval vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00fd kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed laser, pulzn\u00ed laserov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvalo hlavn\u011b pro bodov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch p\u0159esn\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f, nebo svary tvo\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch sva\u0159ovac\u00edch bod\u016f. Po 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed s rozvojem CO2<\/sub> technologie laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika such\u00fdch watt\u016f, situace pro\u0161la z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnou. Ocelov\u00e9 plechy o tlou\u0161\u0165ce n\u011bkolika milimetr\u016f lze prova\u0159it najednou a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd svar je podobn\u00fd sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektronov\u00fdm paprskem, co\u017e ukazuje velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd n\u00e1zev A80 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit hmotnost letadla, sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu paliva a sn\u00ed\u017eit provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, je pou\u017eit\u00ed technologie laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed na spojen\u00ed trupu, vnit\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eky k\u0159\u00eddla a v\u00fdztuhy ( Obr\u00e1zek 1.6), nam\u00edsto P\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00fdtovac\u00ed proces byl n\u011bmeck\u00fdm leteck\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem ozna\u010den za velkou technologickou revoluci v leteck\u00e9m zpracovatelsk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Laserov\u00e9
    Obr\u00e1zek 1.5 Laserov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edsto procesu odporov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed na sestav\u011b karoserie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Od 21. stolet\u00ed hraj\u00ed lasery YAG st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli p\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, vrt\u00e1n\u00ed a zna\u010den\u00ed. Obecn\u011b se m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed laserem YAG m\u016f\u017ee z\u00edskat dobrou kvalitu \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a vysokou p\u0159esnost \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, ale rychlost \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed je omezen\u00e1. Se zlep\u0161en\u00edm v\u00fdstupn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu laseru YAG a kvality paprsku se laser YAG vtla\u010dil do kilowatt\u016f CO2<\/sub>, trh \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed laserem. Lasery YAG jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vhodn\u00e9 pro mikroza\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tepelnou deformaci a kontaminaci sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm, jako jsou lithiov\u00e9 baterie, kardiostimul\u00e1tory a hermeticky uzav\u0159en\u00e1 rel\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed
    Obr\u00e1zek 1.6 Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed struktur n\u00fdtov\u00e1n\u00ed a laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Vl\u00e1knov\u00fd laser je nov\u00fd typ laserov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyvinut\u00fd v posledn\u00edch letech a je tak\u00e9 jednou z hotspot technologi\u00ed v oblasti optoelektronick\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu doma i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Pro sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody v optick\u00fdch re\u017eimech a \u017eivotnosti se vl\u00e1knov\u00e9 lasery staly z\u00e1stupcem nov\u00e9 generace pevnol\u00e1tkov\u00fdch laser\u016f. Byly rozs\u00e1hle studov\u00e1ny a rychle vyv\u00edjeny doma i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed a maj\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trend v\u00fdvoje technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Laser je jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch vyn\u00e1lez\u016f 20. stolet\u00ed a m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd technologick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Odborn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee nyn\u00ed je rozkv\u011bt elektronick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, hlavn\u00edm hrdinou je po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, dal\u0161\u00ed generac\u00ed bude \u00e9ra optick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a hlavn\u00edm hrdinou je laser. Laser je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vhodn\u00fd pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f pro sv\u00e9 t\u0159i vlastnosti: unisexualitu, koherenci a paralelismus. Laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je nejslibn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed laserov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed a v zahrani\u010d\u00ed bylo vyvinuto v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 technologi\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Prostorov\u00e9 a \u010dasov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed laseru je velmi dobr\u00e9 a materi\u00e1l, tvar, velikost a prost\u0159ed\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9ho objektu maj\u00ed velkou volnost a je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vhodn\u00e9 pro automatick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kombinace syst\u00e9mu laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a technologie po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho numerick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro automatick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 otev\u00edr\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 vyhl\u00eddky na vysoce kvalitn\u00ed, vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 a levn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je jednou z d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch podp\u016frn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed zelen\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed technologie, kter\u00e1 je v souladu s n\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategi\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje. Trend v\u00fdvoje technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch aspektech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Z hlediska materi\u00e1lov\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje jsou podle typ\u016f materi\u00e1l\u016f pro laserov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed vyv\u00edjeny resp. laserov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00e1tovac\u00ed materi\u00e1ly z r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>
    • Pokud jde o procesn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pro procesy astigmatistick\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm trendem v\u00fdvoj online monitorovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na laserov\u00e9m sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed procesu laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. V\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj kompozitn\u00edch proces\u016f (jako je laserov\u00fd obloukov\u00fd kompozit atd.), kter\u00e9 jsou kompatibiln\u00ed s laserov\u00fdm sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm a pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00edm, aby se zlep\u0161ila \u00fa\u010dinnost laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>
    • P\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a robotizaci zpracovatelsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f nen\u00ed syst\u00e9movou integrac\u00ed pouze samotn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 detekce a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Se zaveden\u00edm expertn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f se inteligence syst\u00e9mu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed stala nevyhnuteln\u00fdm v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm trendem. Pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity laserov\u00e9ho sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed byly vyvinuty a postupn\u011b popularizov\u00e1ny a aplikov\u00e1ny levn\u00e9 inteligentn\u00ed roboty.<\/li>
    • V\u00fdzkum nov\u00e9 generace pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch laser\u016f se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed v obdob\u00ed technologick\u00e9 aktualizace, kter\u00e9 je poznamen\u00e1no v\u00fdvojem a aplikac\u00ed diodov\u011b \u010derpan\u00fdch celopevnol\u00e1tkov\u00fdch laser\u016f.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Kompletn\u00ed sada za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje laserov\u00fd gener\u00e1tor, numerick\u00fd \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m, obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed stroj atd., kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed flexibiln\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed syst\u00e9m laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b lze zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed shrnout do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch aspekt\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • Numerick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a integrace. Trendem ve v\u00fdvoji technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se stalo spojen\u00ed laser\u016f s technologi\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho numerick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi optick\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my a vysoce p\u0159esn\u00fdm a automatizovan\u00fdm polohov\u00e1n\u00edm obrobk\u016f do v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho a v\u00fdrobn\u00edho zpracovatelsk\u00e9ho centra.<\/li>
      • Miniaturizace a kombinace. Dva zp\u016fsoby zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed byly zkombinov\u00e1ny na obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edm stroji v ciz\u00edch zem\u00edch, aby vznikl laserov\u00fd d\u011brovac\u00ed stroj. Vyzna\u010duje se jak v\u0161estrannost\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, tak vysokorychlostn\u00edmi a vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi lisovac\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u0158ez\u00e1n\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch tvar\u016f, d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, zna\u010den\u00ed, ryt\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>
      • Vysok\u00e1 frekvence a vysok\u00e1 spolehlivost. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b dos\u00e1hla rychlost opakov\u00e1n\u00ed YAG laser\u016f v zahrani\u010d\u00ed 2000 kr\u00e1t\/s a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 doba \u00fadr\u017eby YAG laser\u016f \u010derpan\u00fdch diodov\u00fdm polem se zv\u00fd\u0161ila z p\u016fvodn\u00edch n\u011bkolika set hodin na (1~2) milion\u016f hodin.<\/li>
      • Pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f pou\u017eijte excimerov\u00fd laser. Jedn\u00e1 se o nov\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt zahrani\u010dn\u00edho laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Excimerov\u00e9 lasery mohou emitovat ultrafialov\u00e9 lasery s vlnov\u00fdmi d\u00e9lkami 157 a\u017e 350 nm. V\u011bt\u0161ina kov\u016f m\u00e1 pro tento laser n\u00edzkou odrazivost a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed vysokou m\u00edru absorpce. Proto m\u00e1 tento druh laseru velkou aplika\u010dn\u00ed hodnotu v oblasti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my a v\u00fdhled trhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

        Hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9my<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
        • Schopnost transformovat v\u00fdsledky v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu do produktivity je slab\u00e1 a mnoho slibn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ve st\u00e1diu prototypu laborato\u0159e.<\/li>
        • Hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st syst\u00e9mu laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, laser m\u00e1 m\u00e1lo druh\u016f a n\u00edzkou spolehlivost. V zahrani\u010d\u00ed byly ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm procesu pou\u017eity nejen diodov\u011b \u010derpan\u00e9 celopevnol\u00e1tkov\u00e9 lasery, ale tak\u00e9 diodov\u00e9 lasery. Diodov\u011b \u010derpan\u00e9 polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 lasery v m\u00e9 zemi jsou st\u00e1le ve f\u00e1zi v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje.<\/li>
        • V\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj technologie jemn\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je relativn\u011b slab\u00fd a m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdzkum\u016f v oblasti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrafialov\u00fdm laserem.<\/li>
        • Spolehlivost, bezpe\u010dnost, udr\u017eovatelnost a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou n\u00edzk\u00e9 a st\u00e1le je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 uspokojit pot\u0159eby pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          V\u00fdhled trhu<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

          Technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161ila \u00farove\u0148 tradi\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdroby, p\u0159inesla velk\u00e9 zm\u011bny v designu produktu, v\u00fdrobn\u00ed technologii a v\u00fdrobn\u00edch konceptech a spustila revoluci ve v\u00fdrobn\u00ed technologii. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pokro\u010dil\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 syst\u00e9m laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u00e9 zemi velkou mezeru (statistiky \u00fadaj\u016f ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159edstavuje pouze asi 21 TP1T celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho prodeje). Hlavn\u00edmi projevy je, \u017ee existuje m\u00e1lo \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch laserov\u00fdch zpracovatelsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, p\u0159edn\u00ed lasery nejsou vypnuty a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro mikrolaserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 velkou mezeru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00fdrobci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u00e9 zemi se neust\u00e1le rozv\u00edjej\u00ed a dom\u00e1c\u00ed trh s laserov\u00fdmi aplikacemi m\u00e1 velk\u00fd prostor pro rozvoj. V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech budou m\u00edt podniky vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed rychlej\u0161\u00ed rozvoj, co\u017e je zp\u016fsobeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi aspekty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          • St\u00e1t tomu p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1 velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed resorty na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch aktivn\u011b v\u011bnuj\u00ed pozornost, pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed a zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed projekty. Vkl\u00e1d\u00e1 se mnoho finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, co\u017e podporuje nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 inovace a technologick\u00e9 vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed podnikov\u00fdch produkt\u016f.<\/li>
          • P\u0159ijet\u00ed technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it technick\u00fd obsah jejich produkt\u016f a urychlit modernizaci produktu. Pou\u017eit\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 technologie laserov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout \u00farovn\u011b \u201eagiln\u00ed v\u00fdroby\u201c a splnit po\u017eadavky trhu na personalizovan\u00e9 produkty.<\/li>
          • Postupn\u011b se postupn\u011b vytvo\u0159ila pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 skupina podnik\u016f podporuj\u00edc\u00edch laserov\u00e9 d\u00edly a postupn\u011b se etablovali r\u016fzn\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00ed v\u00fdrobci syst\u00e9m\u016f pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b byla vytvo\u0159ena \u010dty\u0159i za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 p\u00e1sy, distribuovan\u00e1 hlavn\u011b ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010c\u00edn\u011b, v delt\u011b Perlov\u00e9 \u0159eky, delt\u011b \u0159eky Yangtze a delt\u011b \u0159eky Yangtze. Peking-Tianjin Rim Bohai Ekonomicky rozvinut\u00e1 oblast.<\/li>
          • V\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj p\u0159edn\u00edch dom\u00e1c\u00edch laser\u016f vstoupil do f\u00e1ze tr\u017en\u00ed aplikace, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fd axi\u00e1ln\u00ed CO2<\/sub> lasery, mal\u00e1 a st\u0159edn\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 kovov\u00e1 dutina RF CO2<\/sub> lasery, polovodi\u010dov\u011b \u010derpan\u00e9 celopevnol\u00e1tkov\u00e9 lasery, vl\u00e1knov\u00e9 lasery, ale i frekven\u010dn\u011b zdvojen\u00e9 DPL, vysokov\u00fdkonov\u00e9 diodov\u00e9 moduly atd. Vstupem do f\u00e1ze komercializace je p\u0159ipraven pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro uplatn\u011bn\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro laserov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Laser je zkratka angli\u010dtiny Amplifikace sv\u011btla stimulovanou emis\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201ezes\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u011btla stimulovanou emis\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed\u201c. Jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd symbol rozvoje v\u011bdy a techniky ve 20. stolet\u00ed a jeden z pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f optoelektronick\u00e9 technologie v modern\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[449,731,851,500,852],"class_list":["post-1909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-laser-cutting-machine","tag-laser-cutting-machine","tag-laser-power","tag-laser-processing","tag-laser-welding","tag-processing-method"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u6dfb\u52a0\u6807\u9898.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1909"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1909\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mydery.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}